{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:08:46Z","timestamp":1790168926754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hollow microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for ocular drug delivery and biosensing, offering a minimally invasive alternative to conventional injection\u2010based therapies. This review addresses current challenges in ocular disease treatment and traces the technological evolution of microneedles, highlighting their ability to precisely access ocular tissues while minimizing patient burden. By penetrating physiological barriers such as the cornea and sclera, microneedle platforms enable localized and controlled drug delivery, thereby addressing key limitations of conventional ophthalmic approaches. Hollow microneedles can be fabricated using various methods, including micromolding and additive manufacturing. Here we focus on silicon\u2010based hollow microneedles enabled by micro\u2010 and nanofabrication technologies consisting of lithography and etching steps, which offer high structural precision, reliable fluid transport, and enhanced safety. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery and biosensing demonstrate the potential of hollow microneedles for controlled infusion, localized therapy, and real\u2010time physiological monitoring. Theses developments in corresponding technologies position microneedles as emerging\u00a0alternatives to eye drops and intravitreal injections, while challenges related to safety, patient compliance, precision control, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory translation are critically examined. Future directions toward smart microneedle platforms and personalized ocular therapies are also outlined, positioning hollow microneedles as a promising interface technology for next\u2010generation ophthalmic drug delivery and biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:53:59Z","timestamp":1790168039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hollow Microneedles in Ophthalmology: From Drug Delivery to Integrated Biosensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5633-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo China"},{"name":"Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Medical Research on Blinding Eye Diseases Ningbo Eye Institute Ningbo Eye Hospital  Ningbo Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Cixi Biomedical Research Institute Wenzhou Medical University  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo China"},{"name":"Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi Jing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.078","article-title":"Microneedles: A Smart Approach and Increasing 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