{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T08:06:57Z","timestamp":1788854817169,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR) has recently emerged as an environmentally benign route for sustainable NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    synthesis under mild conditions. However, the complex 8\u2010electron transfer pathway and various intermediates often lead to sluggish kinetics and limited selectivity. Therefore, the mass transport and conductivity of the electrode play a critical role in the NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR process. Herein, NiCoO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    microcubes with different sizes were directly grown on nickel foam (NiCoO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/NF) by regulating the Ni:Co precursor ratio. Increasing cube size induces the formation of three dimensional architecture that facilitates effective electrolyte diffusion within the electrode. Enhanced mass transport was experimentally confirmed by the increased diffusion coefficient determined from electrochemical analysis. Meanwhile, the optimized Ni:Co ratio also modulates the electronic structure of NiCoO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , contributing to improved catalytic activity. Benefiting from these structural and electronic features, the NiCoO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/NF catalyst exhibits outstanding NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR activity, achieving an NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    yield rate of 4133.94 \u00b5g h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and a Faradaic efficiency of 94.56% at \u22120.1 V vs. RHE. Notably, a remarkable energy efficiency of 39.10% was obtained even at 0 V vs. RHE. This work demonstrates that microcube NiCoO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/NF can serve as highly efficient and durable binder\u2010free electrocatalysts for selective and energy\u2010efficient nitrate reduction toward sustainable NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    synthesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:12:20Z","timestamp":1788851540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Composition\u2010Dependent Microcube NiCoO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Binder\u2010Free Electrode with Enhanced Diffusion for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Seonghyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyojung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinuk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3965-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinuk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0531-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Won","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junho","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyoung Hwa","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramani","family":"Surendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-1116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathya Sheela","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungsuk","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-7558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geun Ho","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)  Naju Jeollanamdo Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Jun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uk","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Engineering SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research 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