{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:19:08Z","timestamp":1788499148506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22109069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22109069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20221446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20221446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aqueous batteries are attractive for safe and low\u2010cost energy storage, yet their performance is fundamentally limited by uncontrolled migration of redox\u2010active species within electrode architectures. Here, we report a Li\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010based aqueous battery with dual soft\u2010gel electrodes enabled by sulfate\u2010induced phase separation, in which the polymer\u2010rich gel phases serve as redox\u2010host electrodes and the aqueous phase functions as the electrolyte. Although oxidized species are effectively immobilized, the dissolution and diffusion of reduced anthraquinone derivatives lead to rapid capacity decay. To address this challenge, graphene oxide (GO) is introduced into the anodic soft\u2010gel to regulate redox species transport. The high\u2010aspect\u2010ratio GO sheets, with micrometer\u2010scale lateral dimensions and nanoscale thickness, provide multiscale spatial confinement and possible interfacial interactions, while the initial electrochemical response is consistent with partial GO reduction during early cycling. Systematic tuning of the anthraquinone derivative (AQ)\/GO ratio reveals a composition\u2010dependent balance between redox confinement and electrochemical polarization. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of GO\u2010assisted confinement in the present AQ\u2010based soft\u2010gel system and suggest a potential materials\u2010design approach for regulating mobile redox species in related soft\u2010matter electrochemical systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:05:28Z","timestamp":1788498328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graphene Oxide Confinement of Redox Species Enables Stable Li\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    SO\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    \u2010Based Aqueous Batteries With Dual Soft\u2010Gel Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2288-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoning","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengtao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinhan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Confucius Energy Storage Lab School of Energy and Environment &amp; Z Energy Storage Center Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010022\u201000511\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.72294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202200598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201056607\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cs00703k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c09352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202510410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2020.100547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202417988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4sc00491d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202509921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/energyz.2026.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/energymater.2024.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254\u2010022\u201000422\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202400707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2758294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.106942"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75639","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75639","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:05:29Z","timestamp":1788498329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75639","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75639"}}