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Hydroxyapatite\u2010based nanoparticles (HAPs), owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility and tunable surface chemistry, represent attractive building blocks for integrated systems. Here, we report a multifunctional core\u2013shell nanoplatform based on mature citrate\u2010coated carbonated HAP nanoparticles (Cit\u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    HAP), engineered through sequential surface functionalization with Cyanine 5 (Cy5) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to combine in vitro gene delivery with nanocarrier traceability. Plasmid DNA is efficiently loaded via isothermal adsorption onto the engineered nanocarriers, enabling stable complex formation. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses indicate efficient cellular internalization and sustained transgene expression in breast and cervical cancer cell models. Comprehensive cytocompatibility studies in both cancerous and non\u2010cancerous cell models confirm high cell viability, highlighting the favorable biological profile of the system. In vivo experiments with Cy5\/Cit\u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    HAP nanoparticles further demonstrate longitudinal traceability, prolonged intratumoral retention, and a progressive decrease in detectable Cy5\u2010associated fluorescence over time, with no persistent fluorescence accumulation in major organs at the evaluated time points. Collectively, these findings establish PEI\/Cy5\/Cit\u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    HAP nanoparticles as a versatile and biocompatible luminescent nanoplatform for traceable gene delivery, and provide a modular strategy for next\u2010generation gene\u2010delivery and bioimaging applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:36:29Z","timestamp":1789569389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Luminescent PEI\/Cy5\u2010Citrate\u2010Functionalized Carbonated Apatite Nanoplatform for In Vitro Gene Delivery and In Vivo Traceability"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9283-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Garrido Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) University Hospitals of Granada\u2010University of Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Garc\u00eda Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) University Hospitals of Granada\u2010University of Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5229-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Penas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Crystallographic Studies (IACT\u2010CSIC)  Armilla Granada 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