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Here, we develop ultrabright, pH\u2010stable DBCO\u2010capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@DBCO) as NIR\u2010II nanoprobes for selective imaging of Gram\u2010positive (G\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Gram\u2010negative (G\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) bacteria. The DBCO modification not only enhances the quantum yield by 5.6\u2010fold through restricted intramolecular vibrations of water\u2010soluble Au\n                    <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                    clusters but also enables bioorthogonal labeling with azido\u2010precursors metabolically incorporated into bacterial cell walls. Using D\u2010Ala\u2010N\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    for G\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Kdo\u2010N\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    for G\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    labeling, we achieve in vivo and ex vivo imaging of gut bacteria in rats under simulated microgravity (SMG). Our approach reveals position\u2010specific gut bacterial restructuring that SMG increases ileal G\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    bacteria while suppressing G\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    populations, such a spatial imbalance is difficult to be detected by sequencing\u2010based phylum analysis. The gut dysbiosis coincides with intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation, driven by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of beneficial commensals. The utilization of this nanoprobe enables precise deciphering of SMG\u2010induced gut microbiogeography and Gram\u2010typing imbalance associated pathological consequences, providing a powerful tool for studying spaceflight\u2010associated gastrointestinal disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:17:17Z","timestamp":1789561037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra\u2010Bright and pH\u2010Stable DBCO\u2010Capped Gold Clusters as NIR\u2010II Gram\u2010Typing Nanoprobes for Deciphering Microgravity\u2010Related Gut Bacterial Restructuring in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zhujun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Life Science Beijing 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