{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:04:44Z","timestamp":1790165084844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002613","name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1.260011.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.260011.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pt\u2010based intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet simultaneously achieving high metal loading, ultrasmall particle size, and atomic ordering remains a longstanding challenge because the high\u2010temperature annealing required for intermetallic ordering inevitably induces particle coarsening. Here, we demonstrate that mesopore\u2010induced nanoconfinement mitigates this size\u2013ordering\u2013loading trade\u2010off, enabling the synthesis of highly dense (\u223c40 wt.%), sub\u20103 nm intermetallic PtCu nanoparticles within ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK\u20103). In contrast, microporous carbon supports with comparable surface areas produce much larger nanoparticles (\u223c8.3 nm), highlighting the critical role of mesoporous confinement rather than surface area alone. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that geometric confinement suppresses PtCu atomic mobility while interactions between the mesopore walls and PtCu nanoparticles promote chemical ordering during annealing. The intermetallic PtCu\/CMK\u20103 catalyst exhibits substantially enhanced ORR activity and durability compared with disordered PtCu alloys and carbon black\u2010supported intermetallic PtCu. Furthermore, sulfur\u2010doped CMK\u20103 strengthens metal\u2013support interactions, leading to improved nanoparticle dispersion and further enhanced ORR performance. These findings establish mesopore\u2010engineered nanoconfinement as a general strategy for decoupling particle size, atomic ordering, and metal loading, providing a versatile platform for designing high\u2010performance intermetallic nanomaterials for electrocatalysis and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:37:17Z","timestamp":1790163437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanoconfinement Mitigates the Size\u2013Ordering\u2013Loading Trade\u2010Off to Enable High\u2010Loading Sub\u20103 nm Intermetallic PtCu for Oxygen Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Minseok","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of 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