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However, aqueous zinc\u2010ion batteries (ZIBs), despite their cost\u2010effectiveness, inherent safety, high theoretical capacity (820\u00a0mAh\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and favorable redox potential (\u22120.762\u00a0V vs. SHE), still suffer from insufficient energy densities that fall short of commercial requirements. In this review, the obstacles hindering energy density and fundamental pathways toward high\u2010energy\u2010density ZIBs are systematically elucidated. Subsequently, recent advancements in optimization strategies are critically analyzed, encompassing electrode engineering, electrolyte optimization, and separator modification. Finally, a forward\u2010looking perspective is provided on the design principles and potential research directions for developing high\u2010energy\u2010density ZIBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:35:11Z","timestamp":1789655711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breaking Barriers Toward Practicality: Critical Materials and Strategies for High\u2010Energy\u2010Density Aqueous Zinc\u2010Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shaungxiu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pufan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological 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