{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1790265683236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52170161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52170161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bimetallic electrocatalysts provide additional geometric and electronic degrees of freedom for regulating multi\u2010electron reactions and can relax the scaling constraints encountered at monometallic sites in favorable cases. However, rational development of such catalysts remains challenging due to the mismatch between static as\u2010synthesized structures and dynamically evolving active sites under operating conditions. This Review presents an integrated framework connecting synthesis, structural evolution, characterization, and multi\u2010electron electrocatalytic behaviors. Representative bimetallic systems, ranging from alloys, intermetallics, heterointerfaces, and core\u2013shell structures to atomically dispersed dual\u2010metal sites are compared in terms of structural precision, scalability, and ability to control metal\u2010metal proximity. Key characterization approaches are summarized, highlighting the necessity of combined microscopy, spectroscopy, operando analysis, isotope labeling, and theoretical calculations to validate genuine bimetallic synergy. Applications are discussed across water splitting (HER\/OER), oxygen reduction (ORR), CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR), nitrogen\u2010cycle conversion (NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR), and electrochemical urea synthesis (EUS). Across these systems, two universal synergy modes are identified: electronic\/geometric tuning to optimize intermediate adsorption and functional site division to enable tandem multi\u2010step reactions. Finally, challenges in controllable dynamic reconstruction, structural durability under industrial conditions, together with prospects of data\u2010driven catalyst discovery are outlined to guide scalable catalyst development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:08:56Z","timestamp":1790262536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unraveling the Bimetallic Synergy: A Unified Framework for Synthesis, Dynamic Evolution, and Multi\u2010Electron Electrocatalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jingru","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control Hunan University Ministry of Education  Changsha P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control Hunan University Ministry of Education  Changsha P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengsheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control Hunan University Ministry of Education  Changsha P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xingzhi College Zhejiang Normal University  Lanxi P. R. China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control Hunan University Ministry of Education  Changsha P. R. 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