{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:05:58Z","timestamp":1790006758505,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":282,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The deep integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) is intensifying energy supply challenges for large\u2010scale smart\u2010home sensor networks, representing a critical bottleneck for carbon\u2010neutral autonomy. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), capable of both energy harvesting and self\u2010powered sensing, provide a promising solution. To establish actionable engineering guidelines for the highly diverse forms of mechanical energy present in household environments, this review introduces a novel design framework. By redirecting the research focus from trial\u2010and\u2010error centered on materials toward structural design driven by applications, this work provides unique scientific insights. Guided by six physical triggering mechanisms (pressure, vibration, sliding, rotation, non\u2010contact, and hybrid), this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in smart\u2010home TENGs. Building upon this, a comprehensive design matrix is proposed to explicitly clarify and compare key dimensions of TENGs under different triggering mechanisms, including target functions, device design methods, performance parameters, physical limitations, and commercialization barriers. In addition, this matrix constructs a clear logical chain from ambient energy capture to precise functional realization. Finally, a three\u2010stage strategy addresses key challenges for practical deployment. Exhibiting cross\u2010domain generality for other mechanical energy harvesters, this framework establishes a unified roadmap for next\u2010generation zero\u2010carbon smart systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1790004706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Trigger\u2010Guided Design Framework for Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Ambient Energy to Smart Home Systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Deng","family":"Jingyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-6181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu","family":"Liqiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-2786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Dezheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0711-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Xiangyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of High\u2010Entropy Energy Materials and Devices Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ou\u2010Yang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &amp; Advanced Instrument Ministry of Education School of Physics East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University  Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9324035","article-title":"Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications","volume":"2017","author":"Sethi P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of electrical and computer engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: a Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications","volume":"17","author":"Al\u2010Fuqaha A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE communications surveys & tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24920","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3055618","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence\u2010based Sensors for next Generation IoT Applications: a Review","volume":"21","author":"Mukhopadhyay S. 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