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These POx cross\u2010linkers carry piperazine acrylamide end groups (\n                    <jats:bold>B\u2010Et\u2010PipA<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and amino side\u2010chain\u2010functionalized POx (\n                    <jats:bold>B\u2010Am\u2010PipA<\/jats:bold>\n                    ). They were converted by 2PP into 3D hydrogel grids, designated as\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Et\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , respectively. The morphology of the obtained structures was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser\u2010scanning microscopy (CLSM), and atomic force microscopy.\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    based hydrogel grids were covalently functionalized with the FITC\u2010labeled GCW\n                    <jats:bold>RGD<\/jats:bold>\n                    SP (RGD) peptide containing the RGD unit, resulting in\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA\/FITC\u2010RGD)<\/jats:bold>\n                    . To investigate the hydrogels\u2019 suitability to be applied as potential cell culture matrices, grids of the samples\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Et\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA),<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA\/RGD)<\/jats:bold>\n                    were prepared possessing different mesh sizes (10 and 25\u00a0\u00b5m). The initial cellular responses of L929 cells cultured on the different hydrogels were monitored using fluorescence microscopy and SEM. On\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Et\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    hydrogels, the cells exhibited no apparent interaction with the hydrogel scaffold. In contrast,\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA)<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA\/RGD)<\/jats:bold>\n                    surfaces promoted cellular attachment and progressive adhesion, resulting in flattened cell morphologies. Among these,\n                    <jats:bold>P(B\u2010Am\u2010PipA\/RGD)<\/jats:bold>\n                    grids with a mesh size of 25\u00a0\u00b5m demonstrated the most rapid and pronounced cell adhesion, indicating that RGD functionalization is particularly effective in enhancing initial cell adhesion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:51:05Z","timestamp":1790005865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface\u2010Functionalized Poly(2\u2010Oxazoline)\u2010Based Grids Produced by Two\u2010Photon Polymerization as 3D\u2010Structured Hydrogels Promoting Cell Adhesion"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0230-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pretzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena\u2010Marie","family":"Kaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8286-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Behrendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"H\u00f6ppener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4752-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Reupert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0173-7974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lothar","family":"Wondraczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4210-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gottschaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Liefeith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V.  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