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This paper provides a critical and mechanism\u2010oriented review of how the molecular structure, surface chemistry, and composition of cellulose materials influence charge generation, retention, and dissipation during triboelectrification. We analyze the triboelectric properties of native, regenerated, and nanocellulose materials, as well as the methods developed to enhance their properties. Particular attention is given to surface functionalization strategies\u2014such as fluorination, amination, and esterification that enhance charge density while mitigating humidity\u2010induced losses. Moreover, the application of cellulose material\u2010based TENGs has been reviewed extensively. By integrating fundamental insights with engineering considerations, a forward\u2010looking roadmap is proposed for high\u2010performance, recyclable cellulose\u2010based systems for sustainable energy harvesting and self\u2010powered sensing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:35:18Z","timestamp":1790174118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Fundamentals to Engineering Sustainable Triboelectric Materials: A Review of Cellulose Platforms"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2873-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mathematics and Science Education Mid Sweden University  Sundsvall Sweden"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6386-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528\u2010020\u201000092\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.202000533"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2475626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40039-6","volume-title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerators","author":"Wang Z. 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