{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:00:25Z","timestamp":1791378025369,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach to produce green hydrogen, while its efficiency is determined by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring on the anode due to its high overpotential. The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has emerged as a highly promising alternative to the conventional OER, resulting from its low overpotential in various electrolytes. Numerous electrocatalysts have been further synthesized to achieve an even lower overpotential of the UOR. Among the investigated materials, cobalt\u2010based electrocatalysts are particularly promising for urea\u2010assisted hydrogen generation because of their tunable electronic structures, multiple oxidation states, structural versatility, and relatively low cost. These features promote efficient UOR and HER kinetics, enabling bifunctional catalysts to replace the sluggish OER and reduce the energy requirement for hydrogen production while offering the additional benefit of urea\u2010rich wastewater treatment. This review thus elaborates on the progress and advances of the coupled UOR with the HER on various cobalt\u2010based electrocatalysts. It highlights key parameters that govern the HER\/UOR performance on electrocatalysts, followed by various modification strategies for cobalt\u2010based electrocatalysts. The catalytic performance of diverse cobalt\u2010based materials is then systematically evaluated. This article ends with an overview of current challenges and future prospects for the development of cobalt\u2010based electrocatalysts in sustainable hydrogen production and environmental applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:35:59Z","timestamp":1790778959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recent Advances of Urea\u2010Oxidation Coupled Hydrogen Generation on Cobalt\u2010Based Electrocatalysts"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2133-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasamin","family":"Shajirati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Institute of Materials Research (IUMAT) Hasselt University  Diepenbeek Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5558-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Institute of Materials Research (IUMAT) Hasselt University  Diepenbeek Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202504667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmate.2022.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202520210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.111903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.09.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202521961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.201600035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal15050474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202313309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2026.140479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010026\u201012698\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202515441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202502124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202526293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.175455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.134274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.70465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527854479.ch13","volume-title":"Hybrid Water Electrolysis","author":"Souza M. 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