{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:04:30Z","timestamp":1790348670013,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":247,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) offers a green technology for converting nitrogenous water pollutants into value\u2010added chemicals. Compared with single\u2010metal counterparts, bimetallic copper\u2013cobalt (Cu\u2013Co) systems possess intrinsic atomic\u2010level synergistic effects that simultaneously boost reactant adsorption and reaction kinetics, leading to superior electrocatalytic performance. This review systematically summarizes the relationship between structural design and catalytic activity in Cu\u2013Co electrocatalysts, focusing on precise strategies for tuning active site spatial\/electronic configurations through atomic\u2010scale engineering, phase optimization, and morphological control. Central to this enhanced performance is a relay catalysis mechanism, where Cu sites efficiently adsorb nitrate while adjacent Co sites act as proton providers, markedly elevating NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    yield rate, Faradaic efficiency, and selectivity. Finally, we highlight major challenges regarding commercialization\u2014including active\u2010phase identification via coupled in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, design of poison\u2010resistant and durable Cu\u2013Co electrocatalysts, and reactor design\u2014to bridge laboratory innovation and industrial deployment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:52:18Z","timestamp":1790347938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Cu\u2013Co Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia: From Atomic\u2010Level Design to Relay Catalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ruimeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9242-262X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalysis College of Chemical &amp; Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9891-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2024.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c06947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.01.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ta07339h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3qi00554b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2008.01636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ee02716h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ee00222a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee23062c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr8003696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ee01727g"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.110683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cs01341b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2022.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202217337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2025.04.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202502655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.217483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202512651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b03035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/idm2.12152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2026.116943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc06700f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2024.102418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201800211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918\u2010020\u201000089\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202500833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ta03065j"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.139816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5mh02001h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.12.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202303327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c22282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aesr.202300284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.75265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202302266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872\u20102067(24)60194\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202503822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c05905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149629"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202501527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6c01544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202425333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c08408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxener.2024.100125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202402331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2023.100383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ey00002a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202319135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.174589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.216751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010025\u201001877\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2003.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ta06775h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enchem.2026.100184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2024.101182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202525958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2518909122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6c03344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.70928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004\u2010025\u201001864\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c03245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c05446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c13117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b00056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.141580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c17163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202508466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202405828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.108864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.126052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c00224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201070447\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c01046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202516919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c06657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.10.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202507903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c02951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm9325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c00688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.70167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202505022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202408382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1cs00116g"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c10516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c07061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c16703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c00390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.9630862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039\u20109140(01)00323\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2020.e00098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc04166j"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c05225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2019.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c01057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010024\u201001200\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.5c01101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.03.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.101977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202523422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217703120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202507720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c06239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202516401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202304854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.125495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426\u2010023\u20101924\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c11084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202509851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.125501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c06338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2022.214969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202507956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202529219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202520567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201048035\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872\u20102067(25)64705\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.216722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2022.232523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.139749"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202416910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2026.108128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030379\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.157426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4qi02881c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202515842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c09012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202511398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202510287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202510450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202514834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202513566"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2024.104730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c16080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c03995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202401834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202522410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.7688164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028728\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202503613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ta02299h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202400065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ee00784k"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918\u2010024\u201000236\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.75074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2020.100618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c04411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2021.213987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc03112e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94908048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c07699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.127700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ta04134a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201035533\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_218_1","unstructured":"I.PuigdomenechandC.Tax\u00e9n \u201cThermodynamic Data for Copper: Implications for the Corrosion of Copper under Repository Conditions \u201dSvensk K\u00e4rnbr\u00e4nslehantering AB Technical Report TR\u201100\u201113(2000) 25\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c16579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00840A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c06365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221\u2010026\u201000600\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.07.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c10986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c03452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201068481\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202214830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b02179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202425084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c16801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202600012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202505286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.9988326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202503424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202318989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.75826"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202517966"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75918","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:52:22Z","timestamp":1790347942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":247,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75918","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75918"}}