{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:01:44Z","timestamp":1790326904584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Technical lignin offers a renewable aromatic platform for functional materials. However, its direct transformation into well\u2010defined particulate adsorbents remains challenging owing to its poor aqueous processability and uncontrolled interfacial properties. In this study, kraft lignin (KL) is quaternized by introducing permanent quaternary ammonium groups, yielding a water\u2010processable quaternized lignin (QL) with tunable cationic characteristics. Polymer matrix\u2010free lignin microspheres are then fabricated by water\u2010in\u2010oil emulsion crosslinking using KL and QL as lignin building blocks. Compared with KL\u2010based microspheres (KLM), QL\u2010containing microspheres (QLM) show improved structural stability, reduced lignin leakage, and enhanced affinity for anionic methyl orange (MO). QLM achieves a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 651.4\u00a0mg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , far exceeding that of KLM, primarily through the electrostatic attraction between quaternary ammonium groups and MO sulfonate groups, with additional contributions from\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0\u2013\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions, hydrogen bonding, and network\u2010assisted diffusion. QLM retains high adsorption performance over multiple reuse cycles and enables continuous\u2010flow MO removal in a packed\u2010bed system. These results demonstrate a charge\u2010engineering strategy for converting technical lignin into processable high\u2010performance microsphere adsorbents for sustainable water purification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:09:26Z","timestamp":1790323766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["All\u2010Lignin Microspheres with Controllable Surface Charges Fabricated from Water\u2010Soluble Quaternized Lignin"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4690-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Won","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paper Science &amp; Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Republic of 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