{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:02:11Z","timestamp":1790348531818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52572391 52302445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52572391 52302445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ensuring the integrity of hydrogen\u2010blended natural gas (HBNG) infrastructure is pivotal for the sustainable hydrogen energy landscape, yet the surface interactions governing hydrogen embrittlement remain a critical challenge. This study presents a multiscale quantitative characterization of the film structure and hydrogen permeation kinetics of corrosion product films (CPFs), primarily composed of FeCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , by integrating X\u2010ray micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT), in situ high\u2010pressure gaseous hydrogen permeation testing, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our findings elucidate that hydrogen traverses the CPFs predominantly in molecular form, with interconnected pores functioning as low\u2010impedance \u201cshort\u2010circuit\u201d diffusion pathways. Kinetic evaluations indicate that the CPF densification over an extended duration drives the pressure exponent\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    from 0.783 to 0.901, marking a fundamental mechanistic shift from mixed molecular\/atomic control to a dominant molecular barrier\u2010controlled regime. Furthermore, a structural influence factor\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and a quantitative correlation model are developed to accurately describe the attenuation of hydrogen flux induced by film densification. This work uncovers the potential of CPFs as natural hydrogen barriers, and also provides a robust theoretical framework for material compatibility evaluation and hydrogen embrittlement mitigation in HBNG infrastructure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:28:49Z","timestamp":1790346529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Corrosion Product Films as Natural Barriers for Hydrogen Energy Pipelines: Structure\u2010Permeation Correlations"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Cailin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil Gas and New Energy Storage and Transportation Safety China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiusai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil Gas and New Energy Storage and Transportation Safety China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil Gas and New Energy Storage and Transportation Safety China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil Gas and New Energy Storage and Transportation Safety China University of Petroleum (East China)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Changcheng Huaxin Energy Co., Ltd.  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