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However, their progression from high\u2010capacity concepts to practical devices is hindered by the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur and zinc sulfide, sluggish solid\u2010state conversion kinetics, large volume changes, water\u2010induced parasitic reactions, redox\u2010mediator failure and unstable zinc deposition. Because these processes interact across cell components, optimizing the cathode, electrolyte, separator, or anode in isolation often fails to achieve the ultimate goal of improving device performance. This Review presents a reaction\u2010to\u2010device framework for understanding recent advances in aqueous zinc\u2010sulfur batteries. Cathode hosts and catalysts are evaluated according to their ability to integrate electronic conduction, species confinement, catalytic conversion and mechanical buffering; redox mediators and electrolyte formulations according to their control over conversion pathways, solvation structures, water activity and interfacial chemistry; and selective membranes and zinc\u2010protective interfaces according to their regulation of ion transport and electrode compatibility. Flexible, stretchable, planar and pouch\u2010cell configurations are further examined as tests of system\u2010level integration. This reaction\u2010to\u2010device perspective establishes design and benchmarking principles for advancing zinc\u2010sulfur batteries toward safe, economical and scalable energy\u2010storage technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:38:52Z","timestamp":1791121132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aqueous Zinc\u2010Sulfur Batteries From Sulfur Conversion to Device Integration"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Weina","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4553-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwan San","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University  Al Khobar Kingdom of Saudi 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Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 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