{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1790409711062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024990","name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A cooperative self\u2010assembly of organic small molecules made of diester\/diacid\u2010bithiophene units [BT\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010CE (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), BT\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010CA (\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    )] with hexylpyridine\u2010 or phosphonic acid\u2010functionalized dithienopyrrole units [DTP\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010Py (\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), DTP\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010PA (\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    )] was induced atop Nickel Oxide (NiO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) hole\u2010transport\u2010layer for lead\u2010free tin\u2010based perovskite solar cells. The pyridine functionality of DTP\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010Py (\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) in conjunction with the carboxyl group of BT\n                    <jats:sup>2D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010CA (\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) altered the NiO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Perovskite interfacial energetics and accelerates selective hole extraction by passivating the buried interfacial defects, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% due to enhanced photovoltage (0.560 to 0.593\u00a0V), alongside remarkable operational stability. The crucial role of synergistic energy\u2010level modulation, especially the Fermi level, was unraveled using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, demonstrating that combining complementary conjugated organic backbones with targeted functionalities offers versatility for enhancement of overall device performance and stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:53:21Z","timestamp":1790409201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy\u2010Level Engineering with Co\u2010Sensitization of Organic Molecules on NiO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    for Sn\u2010Based Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0350-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezhumalai","family":"Yamuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Taiwan Hydrogen Cluster\u2010Hydrogen Energy Research Centre National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parameswaran","family":"Rajamanickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Wei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Sheng","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Taiwan Hydrogen Cluster\u2010Hydrogen Energy Research Centre National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Taiwan Hydrogen Cluster\u2010Hydrogen Energy Research Centre National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5966-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9117-9119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Chou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Taiwan Hydrogen Cluster\u2010Hydrogen Energy Research Centre National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Wei\u2010Guang","family":"Diau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center For Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246\u2010020\u20100028\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003285\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16186498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics13040123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QM00632D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC04552G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA07518D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580\u2010023\u201000371\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16213053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2022.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c01190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c02651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202422217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201055492\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c03228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202002606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC05485C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201051760\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202405367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202425145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010024\u201001689\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007723\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c00155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo020307b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PY01436A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200700668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c10268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202000238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202512239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2021.230120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c01154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c10268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b09530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b08135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm202296p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj8858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp308109t"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75967","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:53:22Z","timestamp":1790409202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75967","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75967"}}