{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:05:39Z","timestamp":1790690739704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In electrolyte\u2010gated transistors (EGTs), controlling ion dynamics at the electrolyte\/channel interface is crucial for precise modulation of channel conductance. Accordingly, functional interlayers have been explored to modulate interfacial ion dynamics. However, previous studies have mainly focused on increasing ion\u2013interlayer affinity, even though multiple factors, including ion solvation and ion\u2013interlayer interactions, influence ion dynamics at the interface. Herein, we elucidate the multicomponent interfacial ion interactions that determine conductance modulation through a comparative study of three alkali ion\u2010based EGTs. The polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes with different alkali ions (Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) are systematically employed to induce distinct ion solvation environments and ion interaction strengths. A fluorinated self\u2010assembled monolayer (FSAM) is additionally introduced on the channel layer as an ion trapping interlayer. Owing to the differences in ionic radius, the alkali ions exhibit distinct coordination with PEO and anions as well as different interactions with the FSAM, leading to ion\u2010dependent interfacial behaviors. Computational and chemical analyses reveal that the resulting synaptic behavior is determined by the coupled and competing effects of cation solvation and cation\u2013FSAM interactions. This comprehensive study bridges the gap between interfacial ion interactions and electrical properties, highlighting the importance of multicomponent interactions for understanding cation behavior and the resulting synaptic properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:12:44Z","timestamp":1790687564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Phenomena Determining Conductance Modulation in Electrolyte\u2010Gated Transistors: Roles of Alkali Ion Solvation and Ion\u2013Fluorinated Self\u2010Assembled Monolayer Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonseo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.  Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3116-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4799-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Ah","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8376-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.  Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Chan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Yun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dongguk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minho","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology  Suwon Republic of 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