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However, defect\u2010mediated interactions arise not solely from defects, but from the interplay among multiple interconnected system variables, including defect type and density, analyte identity and size, corona composition and conformation, SWCNT chirality, and the surrounding environment. In this forward\u2010looking perspective, we discuss how these variables collectively govern the fluorescence modulation and molecular recognition behavior of defect\u2010engineered SWCNTs. We first summarize major strategies for defect introduction and recent advances in defect quantification. Subsequently, through case\u2010by\u2010case analyses, we examine how systematic variation of individual parameters reshapes analyte\u2013SWCNT interactions and sensing outcomes. Specifically, we discuss systems exhibiting analyte\u2010dependent fluorescence modulation, defect\u2010enabled ratiometric sensing, analyte\u2010size\u2010dependent interactions, corona\u2010dependent defect reactivity, and the cooperative behavior of multiple defect types within the same nanotube framework. Finally, we highlight key challenges associated with defect heterogeneity, predictability, and controllable molecular recognition, while outlining emerging opportunities involving programmable nanosensing, artificial intelligence\u2010assisted design, and multifunctional imaging platforms. Overall, this perspective emphasizes that defect\u2010mediated sensing in SWCNTs is fundamentally governed by the cooperative interplay of multiple system variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:30:17Z","timestamp":1790685017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cooperative Regulation of Defect\u2010Mediated Molecular Recognition With Single\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotubes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Srestha","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysical Sciences Group Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata India"},{"name":"Chemical Sciences Division Homi Bhabha National Institute  Mumbai 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