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This review highlights the innovative convergence of bioprinting, organoids, organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip (OoC), and artificial intelligence (AI) as a next\u2010generation MPS framework, enabling precision reconstruction of human tissue microenvironments with unprecedented fidelity. Bioprinting delivers spatially defined 3D architectures; organoids recapitulate organ\u2010specific heterogeneity; OoC integrates dynamic physiological cues; and AI enables intelligent fabrication optimization, real\u2010time monitoring, and predictive drug\u2010response modeling. Their synergistic integration overcomes the inherent limitations of single\u2010technology systems. We emphasize state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art MPS applications in disease\u2010drug screening, and toxicological assessment across tissues and multiorgan crosstalk models, underscoring their paradigm\u2010shifting potential. Remaining challenges, such as long\u2010term functional maturation, vascularization complexity, and standardized validation, and future directions, including multi\u2010cue integration, modular scalability, and AI\u2010driven in vitro\u2010in vivo correlation, are concisely outlined. This interdisciplinary synthesis establishes MPS as a cornerstone technology to accelerate pharmaceutical innovation, reduce reliance on animal models, and advance precision medicine toward clinical translation, thereby filling a critical gap in current biomedical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:33:32Z","timestamp":1790778812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microphysiological Systems Integrating Bioprinting, Organoids, Organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010Chip, and AI: Next Generation Platforms for Pharmaceutical Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Xiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioengineering Chongqing University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University) Ministry of Education  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