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However, their serious volume expansion leads to electrode pulverization and repeated rupture of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, severely compromising the cycle life. Confinement engineering has recently emerged as a powerful strategy for addressing the intrinsic limitations of alloying\u2010type anodes. Nevertheless, systematic classification and in\u2010depth mechanism clarification of diverse confinement strategies remain lacking. To fill this gap, this review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, structural motifs, and design strategies of confinement engineering. Different from previous material\u2010oriented reviews, this work categorizes confinement engineering into self\u2010confinement and extrinsic confinement, and profoundly clarifies the structure\u2010regulation mechanism at the micro\/nano scale, emphasizing the critical role of confinement engineering in mitigating volume expansion, stabilizing SEI films, and enhancing reaction kinetics. 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