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In this review, ALMs include both intrinsic two\u2010dimensional (2D) materials and atomic\u2010layer\u2010engineered functional coatings and interphases produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD), molecular layer deposition (MLD), or related approaches. This work connects atomic\u2010scale design variables, including atomic\u2010scale structural parameters, with device\u2010level performance, degradation, and manufacturability. Their sustainability in batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) will be the main focus. Particular attention is given to how these variables regulate interfacial electrochemical phenomena, metal\u2010ion deposition, and mechanical stability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are discussed as ALM\u2010specific tools for screening and optimizing ALD\/MLD coating chemistry and deposition conditions. Although ALMs offer advantages in laboratory results, practical deployment remains limited by techno\u2010economic bottlenecks or industrial scalability barriers for 2D material processing and device integration. Near\u2010term commercialization is promising for high\u2010leverage interfacial\u2010modification functions in batteries and integrated micro\u2010energy\u2010storage devices. This review also provides a manufacturing framework for discussing the development of durable, scalable, and AI\u2010enabled ALM\u2010based energy\u2010storage technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:28:46Z","timestamp":1791120526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atomic\u2010Layer Materials for Energy Storage Systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quoc Bao","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Materials Advancement Pittsburg State University  Pittsburg Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology  Noida India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Micro Devices Inc. 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