{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:54:19Z","timestamp":1791122059452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550\u201023\u20101\u20100759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550\u201023\u20101\u20100759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The discovery of in\u2010plane ordered MAX (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010MAX) phases containing lanthanides provides a promising route to novel MXenes. Most MXenes have transition elements occupying the M site. However, the distinctive optical and magnetic properties of lanthanides could yield multifunctional MAX phases and MXenes with applications in aeronautics, radiation shielding, and space technology. Previously, lanthanide\u2010containing\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010MAX phases were etched to produce ordered vacancy MXenes via lanthanide removal. Here, we report the first synthesis of (Mo\n                    <jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Nd\n                    <jats:sub>1\/3<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CT\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                      i\u2010\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    MXene retaining Nd and compare wet chemical etching, fluorine\u2010free molten salt etching, and hydrothermal etching routes. A key challenge is removing Al without also removing Nd. Etching with concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF) yielded\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010MXene along with neodymium fluoride. Etching using lithium fluoride (LiF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) produced an accordion\u2010like morphology typical of MXenes. Mixed acids (HF and HCl) yielded more uniform etching compared to other etchants. Both molten salt etching and alkali etching proved less effective. We discuss the potential and challenges of each etching method. Based on the similar chemical behavior of lanthanides, we expect results for the Nd\u2010containing\n                    <jats:italic>i\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    MAX phase to be representative. This comparative study reveals significant morphological and structural differences, paving the way for the synthesis of a new family of lanthanide\u2010containing\n                    <jats:italic>i\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    MXenes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:46:37Z","timestamp":1791121597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Study of Five Distinct Etching Strategies to Synthesize 2D (Mo\n                    <sub>2\/3<\/sub>\n                    Nd\n                    <sub>1\/3<\/sub>\n                    )\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    CT\n                    <i>\n                      <sub>x<\/sub>\n                      i\n                    <\/i>\n                    \u2010MXene From (Mo\n                    <sub>2\/3<\/sub>\n                    Nd\n                    <sub>1\/3<\/sub>\n                    )\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    AlC\n                    <i>i<\/i>\n                    \u2010MAX Phase"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3942-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parth","family":"Khandagale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1166-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameera K.","family":"Arachchige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3321-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chu\u2010Te","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Design and Innovation State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashik","family":"Neelur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Design and Innovation State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2079-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avisek","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Design and Innovation State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0905-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paras N.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9652-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark T.","family":"Swihart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c07395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201600255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b06394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202206716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5nr00672d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2019.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2022.114596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.3.053609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053\u20101583\/ae262f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaom.5c00588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.5c04789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b05298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ce01777a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cc01042a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c01201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/s43580\u2010024\u201000951\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551\u20102916.2008.02618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b00574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5na00669d"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.76060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.76060","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.76060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:46:38Z","timestamp":1791121598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.76060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.76060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.76060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e76060"}}