{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:59:28Z","timestamp":1790830768407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52403365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52403365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aqueous zinc\u2010iodine batteries (ZIBs) and lithium\u2010sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising energy\u2010storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density and relatively abundant active materials. However, both systems suffer from severe shuttle effects and sluggish redox kinetics, which considerably hinder their practical applications. Here, an imidazolium\u2010containing cationic covalent triazine framework (iCTF\u2010BCIM) is rationally designed as a bifunctional host and catalyst to address common challenges of both ZIBs and LSBs. Specifically, the resulting iodine\u2010loaded iCTF\u2010BCIM cathode (I\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    @iCTF\u2010BCIM) delivers an ultra\u2010long cycling life of more than 100 000 cycles at 5 A g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with a capacity retention of 97.2% and a Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%. In situ and ex situ spectroscopic analyses demonstrate that the I\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    @iCTF\u2010BCIM electrode undergoes a highly reversible iodine redox process. Furthermore, LSBs assembled with sulfur\u2010loaded iCTF\u2010BCIM cathode, denoted as S@iCTF\u2010BCIM, deliver a high specific capacity of 1275 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.2 C (1 C = 1675\u00a0mA g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), along with remarkable cycling stability. More importantly, theoretical calculations combined with experimental results reveal that imidazolium\u2010derived cationic environments contribute to regulating the adsorption and conversion behavior of electrochemical intermediates in both ZIBs and LSBs. This work demonstrates the applicability of iCTF\u2010BCIM as a common host catalyst for both ZIBs and LSBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:42:48Z","timestamp":1790829768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cationic Imidazolium Sites: An Efficiency Strategy for Stabilizing High\u2010Capacity Cathodes in Zinc\u2010Iodine and Lithium\u2010Sulfur Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6935-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic\u2010Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing People's Republic of 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