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This work enhances the stability of the sodium metal anode through a combined strategy of constructing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and modifying the current collector with hard carbon materials for reversible Na deposition. Therefore, the combination of these two strategies could enable a stable Na metal anode in a gel electrolyte. Through this methodology, we could achieve a stable anode\u2010less battery. SnF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    initiates the in situ polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and participates in constructing a fluoride\u2010 and Na\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    Sn\n                    <jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010rich SEI. Consequently, the PTHF electrolyte demonstrates a high Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    transference number of 0.88, excellent oxidative stability with an electrochemical window extended to 4.5\u00a0V, and remarkable cycling stability, enabling a Na||Na symmetric cell operated for 1700\u00a0h at a current density of 0.5\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Furthermore, the introduction of micron\u2010sized hard carbon (\u00b5HC) further enhances the sodiophilicity of the current collector. Consequently, an anode\u2010less sodium metal battery assembled with the \u00b5HC substrate and PTHF gel electrolyte exhibits excellent long\u2010term cycling stability, retaining 80% of its capacity after 180 cycles at room temperature and 84% after 200 cycles at \u221210\u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:17:03Z","timestamp":1791285423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interface and Substrate Design Enhance the Stability of Sodium Metal Anodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Guishan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT)  Guangzhou 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