{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:53:36Z","timestamp":1791122016805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114\u20102221\u2010E\u2010007\u2010146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114\u20102221\u2010E\u2010007\u2010146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115\u20102221\u2010E\u2010007\u2010132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115\u20102221\u2010E\u2010007\u2010132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This work demonstrates a sustainable upcycling strategy that transforms discarded mask straps into flexible direct\u2010current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC\u2010TENGs) through an eco\u2010friendly NaCl\u2010assisted modification. The PEDOT:PSS\/PVA\/Pullulan composite simultaneously serves as the electrode and triboelectric layer, enabling a simplified and metal\u2010reduced fabrication. The saline treatment introduces Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013PSS\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    coordination, which sustainably enhances molecular mobility, interfacial polarization, and charge transfer without the need for toxic dopants or complex post\u2010processing. The resulting device delivers a peak voltage of \u223c1\u00a0V, a current of \u223c180\u00a0\u00b5A, and a maximum power density of 0.5\u00a0W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    under mechanical deformation. By utilizing water\u2010based NaCl as a benign ionic modifier, this approach exemplifies a circular and green pathway to improve energy harvesting performance while mitigating mask waste pollution. The developed NaCl\u2010enabled DC\u2010TENG offers a practical route toward sustainable, self\u2010powered wearable and communication systems aligned with global carbon\u2010neutral and SDG objectives.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:30:36Z","timestamp":1791120636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upcycling Disposable Mask Straps Into Asymmetric PEDOT:PSS\u2010Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators Enabled by Saline\u2010Induced Power Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Hsuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Artificial Intelligence National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649\u2010021\u201001476\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC00205E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202213407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.102018","article-title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerator: From Alternating Current to Direct Current","volume":"24","author":"Liu D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14181500","article-title":"Recent Advances in Wearable Textile\u2010Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators","volume":"14","author":"Neelakandan S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201670048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA09342D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.125646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35745\/afm2021v01.01.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC03700G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2025.e01400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010207","article-title":"COVID\u201019 Face Masks as a Long\u2010Term Source of Microplastics in Recycled Urban Green Waste","volume":"14","author":"Spennemann D. 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