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These features endow them with high structural programmability; however, the high aqueous solubility, aggregation tendency, and limited accessible surface area of discrete clusters hinder their effective utilization. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring crystalline porosity, large surface areas, ordered channels, and designable frameworks, provide an ideal platform for immobilizing, confining, and functionally amplifying Anderson POMs. The resulting Anderson POM\u2010based COFs integrate molecular redox\/catalytic sites with accessible pore environments, delivering enhanced stability, efficient mass\/charge transport, and tunable host\u2010guest interactions. This review summarizes recent advances in Anderson POM\u2010based COFs, emphasizing how cluster geometry, linkage modes, and spatial distribution determine framework functionality. Three construction strategies, in\u2010situ synthesis, post\u2010synthetic modification, and electrostatic assembly, are discussed, followed by applications in energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, and sensing. 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