{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T16:46:12Z","timestamp":1791737172096,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22275208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22275208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Large birefringence is a key parameter for nonlinear optical (NLO) and birefringent crystals, as it is critical for extending the phase\u2010matching wavelength of NLO crystals and optimizing the light\u2010splitting performance of birefringent crystals. By rational structural design, two unprecedented functional building blocks (FBBs), [C\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F] and [C\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 7<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F], were successfully constructed from the newly identified [CH\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n F] fragment via synergistic fluorination and organic functionalization. A cation\u2010mediated structural engineering approach was employed to achieve four centrosymmetric (CS) compounds (\u03b1\u2010KC\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F, \u03b2\u2010KC\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F, KC\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 7<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F and Na\n 0.5<\/jats:sub>\n Cs\n 0.5<\/jats:sub>\n C\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F) and one noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structure (NaC\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F). Systematic investigations reveal the unique structure\u2010directing role of Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n , yielding NaC\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n BO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n F with a large birefringence (\u0394n = 0.139 at 1064\u00a0nm), strong SHG response (\u223c1.4 \u00d7KDP) and a short phase\u2010matching wavelength of 208\u00a0nm. Additionally, the four CS compounds also exhibit considerable birefringence values of 0.138, 0.121, 0.074 and 0.140 at 1064\u00a0nm, respectively. These findings validate the synergistic modification of borate units and cation regulation as a feasible and effective design strategy, providing valuable guidance for the targeted development of high\u2010performance UV NLO materials with large birefringence and shortened phase\u2010matching cutoff wavelengths.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:57:51Z","timestamp":1791734271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cation\u2010Regulated [CH\n 3<\/sub>\n BO\n 2<\/sub>\n F]\u2010Derived Borates: Synergistic Fluorination and Organic Functionalization for High\u2010Birefringence UV NLO Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8991-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoran","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6219-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Crystal Materials CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 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