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However, conventional MHT strategies exhibit limited capacity to activate anti\u2010tumor immune responses, an essential factor for preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, improving the immunomodulatory efficacy of MHT remains a critical challenge. This study designed and developed a novel magneto\u2010thermal probe, PSRNP, by conjugating anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 and RS09 peptides onto the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The resulting PSRNP nanoprobes demonstrated excellent magneto\u2010thermal conversion efficiency and favorable biocompatibility. In vivo analysis demonstrated that PSRNP\u2010mediated MHT effectively remodels the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, PSRNP\u2010mediated MHT showed superior immune activation effects, with a 5.14\u2010fold increase in intratumoral CD86\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells and a 3.30\u2010fold increase in CD137\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells compared with the Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010mediated MHT group. Furthermore, PSRNP\u2010mediated MHT potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of tumor\u2010infiltrating lymphocyte therapy and prevented tumor recurrence after surgical resection. The PSRNP probe represents an innovative platform for improving the immunotherapeutic performance of MHT in solid tumors. The findings of this study establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for advancing MHT as a synergistic cancer treatment strategy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T20:01:41Z","timestamp":1792353701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional Magneto\u2011Thermal Probe Enhances the Efficacy of Tumor Therapy as a Tumor Nanovaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jiaqian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Lab of Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine (MITM) Engineering Research Center of Molecular &amp; Neuroimaging Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University  Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College  Tianjin People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Big Data\u2010Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Medicine &amp; School of Biological Science and Medicine Engineering Beihang University  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