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However, their low abundance and the modest sensitivity of current EV detection methods in complex biological environments limit access to EV surface biology in the native biological context. Here, we present a near\u2010infrared optical nanosensor comprising a quantum well defect functionalized carbon nanotube coupled with integrin\u2010recognition RGD tripeptide to detect surface integrins on EVs in a human plasma background. The nanosensor achieved sub\u2010picomolar detection of three integrin subunits (\u03b15\u03b21, \u03b1V\u03b21, and \u03b1V\u03b23) and quantified glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, and fibroblast\u2010derived EVs at concentrations as low as 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    EVs\u00b7mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the RGD\u2010coupled quantum defect stably engages the canonical integrin\u2010binding pocket, localizing the binding event at the defect site and providing a structural basis for the selective response. Interestingly, the nanosensor detected comparable responses from fibroblast\u2010 and cancer\u2010derived EVs, and the finding was independently validated by surfaceome proteomics, which confirmed that RGD\u2010receptor integrins are present at comparable levels across all three EV populations. Our result indicates that RGD\u2010receptor integrins define a broadly distributed adhesion\u2010associated EV phenotype shared between cancer and stromal cell types, with implications for EV\u2010mediated tumor\u2010stromal interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:22:29Z","timestamp":1791886949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering Carbon Nanotube Quantum Well Defects With Recognition Tripeptides for Optical Detection of Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7958-9651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u2010Jun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia 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