{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:44:57Z","timestamp":1791884697837,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) bipolar plates face a critical trade\u2010off between corrosion resistance and interfacial electrical conductivity. To address this, Nb\/NbN multilayer coatings with systematically varied interface densities were deposited on TA1 substrates via magnetron sputtering. Increasing the multilayer level induces a transition from substrate\u2010influenced to interface\u2010controlled growth, triggering a crystallographic phase transformation from metastable hexagonal\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NbN to stable cubic\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NbN. Finite element analysis and physical characterizations confirm this transformation drives microstructural densification and a pronounced increase in compressive residual stress, accompanied by pronounced transformation\u2010associated residual\u2010stress evolution and microstructural densification. Consequently, transformation\u2010induced densification significantly enhances corrosion resistance in simulated PEMWE anodic environments, while electrical properties remain moderate alongside stress accumulation. Notably, the Nb\/NbN\u20103 coating architecture achieves an optimal balance, exhibiting low interfacial contact resistance (\u223c6.18 m\u03a9\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 1.5 MPa) and high corrosion stability (0.195 \u00b5A\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in potentiostatic polarization). Ultimately, these results establish interface\u2010density engineering as a highly effective strategy for optimizing the performance of bipolar plates in advanced PEMWE systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:49:01Z","timestamp":1791881341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interface\u2010Controlled Phase Transformation and Corrosion Performance of Nb\/NbN Multilayer Coatings for Bipolar Plates"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3663-6359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University  Beijing 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