{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:57:03Z","timestamp":1791881823365,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metal\u2010halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieve high power\u2010conversion efficiencies but remain susceptible to photo\u2010induced degradation caused by mobile ions and phase segregation. Here, we investigate positional isomers of pyridine\u2010carboxylic acid, namely pyridine\u20102\u2010carboxylic acid (2\u2010PC) and pyridine\u20104\u2010carboxylic acid (4\u2010PC), as anti\u2010solvent additives to clarify how functional\u2010group orientation governs defect passivation and photo\u2010induced degradation. Both additives improve film morphology and reduce trap density; however, 4\u2010PC, in which the carboxyl group is positioned opposite the pyridine nitrogen, provides markedly stronger passivation by virtue of its more favorable passivation geometry. As a result, 4\u2010PC suppresses light\u2010induced photoluminescence red shift, reduces trap density by approximately 27%, and enables unencapsulated devices to retain over 88% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h. Spectroscopic and transient analyses further indicate that 4\u2010PC simultaneously passivates Pb\u2010related defects and halide vacancies, thereby suppressing ion migration and halide phase segregation under operating conditions. These findings establish positional\u2010isomer engineering as a practical molecular design principle for developing simple yet effective anti\u2010solvent additives toward improved photo\u2010induced phase stability in perovskite photovoltaics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:42:24Z","timestamp":1791880944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Functionality Engineering of Anti\u2010Solvent Additives for Photostable Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonjong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobia","family":"Irshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunkyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3944-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2777-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeji","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8728-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP) School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9196-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Gyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Human\u2010Tech Convergence Program and Clean\u2010Energy Research Institute Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni\u2010ro, Seongdong\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonsu","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Human\u2010Tech Convergence Program and Clean\u2010Energy Research Institute Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni\u2010ro, Seongdong\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Thi Ha","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Chungnam National University  Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Sik","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seulki","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Chungnam National University  Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6819-1235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen\u2010Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology  Kowloon China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0238-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Nano Engineering Hanyang University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Human\u2010Tech Convergence Program and Clean\u2010Energy Research Institute Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni\u2010ro, Seongdong\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1882-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Sung","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Technology Institute, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Surrey GU2 7XH Guildford UK"},{"name":"SKKU Global Research Centre (SGRC) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8609-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongchul","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Science &amp; 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