{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:53:04Z","timestamp":1791985984055,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52572249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52572249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22279079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22279079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGDX20211123151002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20211123151002003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GJHZ20220913142812025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJHZ20220913142812025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The conventional understanding of metal\u2013nitrogen\u2013carbon (M\u2013N\u2013C) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has long been dominated by a metal\u2010centered paradigm, wherein metal sites are regarded as the sole or primary active centers, while nitrogen species within the carbon framework are generally considered to be of secondary significance or even negligible. Here, we developed a potentiometric titration method that allows for the direct identification and quantification of Br\u00f8nsted basic sites to investigate the origin of catalytic activity in atomically dispersed Sb supported on graphene. We provide convergent evidence that the Sb\u2013N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    motif induces the formation of Br\u00f8nsted basic imidazole nitrogen species, and these imidazole\u2010N sites, rather than the Sb centers, serve as the main active sites for ORR. Furthermore, phosphorus doping is shown to enhance the ORR kinetics significantly through N\n                    <jats:italic>2p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013P\n                    <jats:italic>3p<\/jats:italic>\n                    orbital coupling, which fine\u2010tunes the electronic structure of the imidazole\u2010N sites and optimizes intermediate adsorption. Our findings demonstrate that Br\u00f8nsted basic imidazole nitrogen species, which have long been overlooked in M\u2013N\u2013C catalysis, make a substantial and mechanistically significant contribution to ORR performance, and that their formation and precise regulation are equally critical to catalyst activity as the traditionally emphasized metal\u2010site engineering.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:34:32Z","timestamp":1791984872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Br\u00f8nsted Basic Imidazole Nitrogen Induced by Sb\u2011N\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    Sites Serves as the Active Site for Efficient Oxygen Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Lab of Functional Polymer College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen P. 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