{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:44:43Z","timestamp":1791881083243,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22478145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22478145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22578220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22578220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chemical looping reforming (CLR) is a promising route for converting biomass and its derivatives into syngas. However, its application is hindered by the trade\u2010off between fuel conversion and syngas selectivity, largely governed by the lattice oxygen activity of the oxygen carrier (OC). Herein, we propose an entropy engineering strategy to regulate lattice oxygen activity using a high\u2010entropy spinel oxide, Cr\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mn\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Co\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ni\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mg\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (HEO). The high\u2010entropy configuration induces lattice distortion and multimetallic synergy, reconstructing the oxygen coordination environment and shifting the\n                    <jats:italic>O 2p<\/jats:italic>\n                    band center to an intermediate position, thereby achieving balanced lattice oxygen reactivity and regeneration performance. As a result, Cr\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mn\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Co\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ni\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mg\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    with appropriate oxygen reactivity suppresses deep oxidation while maintaining sufficient oxygen availability for toluene partial oxidation. In CLR, it achieves a syngas yield of 4.75 Nm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                    with 95.68% purity, together with excellent sintering resistance and sustained cyclic stability over 100 h. Through experimental and DFT analyses, we identify the roles of each cation: Cr stabilizes the structure, Mn\/Fe supply abundant lattice oxygen, Ni\/Co modulate oxygen activity, and Mg promotes oxygen migration. These insights demonstrate that entropy engineering provides a general route to circumvent the reactivity\u2013selectivity trade\u2010off, establishing design guidelines for next\u2010generation OCs in biomass conversion and syngas production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:44:02Z","timestamp":1791877442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Entropy\u2010Engineered High\u2010Entropy Spinel Oxides with Balanced Lattice Oxygen Reactivity for Efficient Chemical Looping Toluene Reforming"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0135-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunkun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi\u2010Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin School of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Green Energy Industry Research Centre (GEIRC) Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutrality Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi\u2010Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin School of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Green Energy Industry Research Centre (GEIRC) Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi\u2010Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin School of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Green Energy Industry Research Centre (GEIRC) Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi\u2010Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin School of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering Huazhong University of Science &amp; Technology  Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Green Energy Industry Research Centre (GEIRC) Huazhong University 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