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Two\u2010dimensional (2D) semiconductor FETs, however, often suffer from a limited synaptic weight dynamic range and short retention times because of inadequate charge dynamics in the channel. This results from the low\u2010k dielectric nature of the channel, which provides limited and unstable carrier storage sites and insufficient capacitive coupling. This study expands the weight dynamic range by forming a weight\u2010control dielectric through oxygen plasma treatment of HfS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , producing an\u00a0HfO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/HfS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    heterostructure. This engineered interface strengthens gate coupling and enables charge trapping via tailored defect states that act as dynamic storage centers, thereby providing tunable conductance and improved retention. Electrical characterization of the HfO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/HfS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    FETs reveals a tenfold increase in the ON\/OFF ratio and enhanced hysteresis. Under optical illumination, the devices exhibit high photoconductive gain and stable synaptic behavior, including a 67.38% larger dynamic range for long\u2010term potentiation\/depression driven by trap\u2010mediated charge dynamics. This synaptic plasticity is leveraged to demonstrate optical encoding\/decoding, in\u2010memory OR logic, and pattern\u2010recognition functionality, highlighting the potential of oxygen\u2010plasma\u2010engineered HfS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    FETs for neuromorphic processors and integrated logic\u2010in\u2010memory systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:47:15Z","timestamp":1791881235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amorphous Dielectric\u2010Integrated Retina\u2010Inspired HfS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Devices with Enhanced Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Vision Assistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Riya","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Gyeongsangnam\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Karybayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Gyeongsangnam\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerkezhan","family":"Amangeldinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonbeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Gyeongsangnam\u2010do Republic of 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