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Here, we address this challenge by developing a synergistic passivation strategy that combines interfacial field\u2010effect modulation with bulk chemical treatment. Indium doping is introduced into the CdS electron transport layer to increase carrier concentration, inducing energy band bending within the Sb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    absorber, enhancing built\u2010in electric field and in turn suppressing interfacial recombination. Meanwhile, we further exploit a mixed CS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and n\u2010butylamine to treat the Sb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    absorber through which this treatment is able to effectively reduce deep\u2010level defect density, particularly selenium\u2010vacancy\u2010related electron traps, and improve carrier lifetime. The combined effects lead to reduced trap\u2010assisted recombination, and more efficient charge separation. As a result, the optimized Sb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    solar cells achieve a top power conversion efficiency of 8.82%, with an open\u2010circuit voltage of 457\u00a0mV, a fill factor of 63.0% and a short\u2010circuit current density of 30.64\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This study provides an effective strategy for mitigating nonradiative recombination and advancing the performance of Sb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    solar cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:52:14Z","timestamp":1791985934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Field\u2010Effect and Chemical Passivation for Sb\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Se\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8470-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences 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of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3852-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuwei","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale\/Deep Space Exploration Laboratory School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale\/Deep Space Exploration Laboratory School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui People's Republic of 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