{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T21:39:34Z","timestamp":1792359574300,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22325903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22325903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22221003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22221003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22509195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22509195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK9990250181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK9990250181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To enhance the power output of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, improving the mass transport of protons and oxygen within the cathode catalyst layer is essential. The ionomer loading in the cathode catalyst layer is a key parameter governing the trade\u2010off between proton transport and oxygen transport: while a high ionomer loading facilitates proton conduction, it inevitably impairs oxygen transport. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing ionomer loading can be achieved by increasing the cathode catalyst layer packing density, which is controlled by rationally reducing the cavity size of hollow mesoporous carbon sphere (HMCS) supports. In situ electrochemical diagnostics reveal that a small\u2010cavity HMCS\u2010supported Pt catalyst, forming a high\u2010packing\u2010density catalyst layer, establishes a continuous ionomer network at a relatively low ionomer\u2010to\u2010carbon weight ratio of 0.6. This structure yields a low oxygen transport resistance of 0.70\u00a0s\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    while maintaining efficient proton conduction. With a low cathode Pt loading of 0.1\u00a0mg\n                    <jats:sub>Pt<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the membrane electrode assembly delivers a rated power density of 1.03\u00a0W\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.67\u00a0V under heat\u2010rejection\u2010constrained conditions in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010air fuel cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T20:44:16Z","timestamp":1792356256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering Carbon Support Packing Density to Enhance Mass Transport in Fuel Cell Cathodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Chang\u2010Song","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u2010Lu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian\u2010Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Ze","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Wei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai\u2010Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003482\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"B. 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