{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T08:36:54Z","timestamp":1792831014776,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":325,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52675367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52675367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rapid development of humanoid robots and embodied artificial intelligence (EAI) is accelerating the transformation of elderly care and rehabilitation toward interactive, adaptive, and personalized human\u2013robot collaboration. In this context, motion sensing technology is of critical importance. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert biomechanical motions into electrical signals, offer a promising route toward self\u2010powered motion perception in embodied healthcare. This review summarizes recent advances in TENG\u2010based multimodal motion sensing for human\u2013robot interaction, covering inertial vibration sensing, tactile sensing, non\u2010contact sensing, continuous trajectory sensing, and joint rotation sensing. The influences of structural configuration, motion mode, sensing direction, detection range, sensitivity, resolution, electrical output, and channel number on sensing performance under specific application scenarios are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to how TENG design strategies influence sensing universality, signal effectiveness, and the reliability of health monitoring and rehabilitation evaluation. Furthermore, the integration of TENGs with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including multimodal fusion, network architectures, edge computing, transfer learning, and large language models, is reviewed. Finally, applications in adaptive rehabilitation sensing, self\u2010powered electrical stimulation, fully self\u2010powered systems, and human\u2011robot interfaces are highlighted, offering perspectives on closed\u2010loop \u201csensing\u2013evaluation\u2013regulation\u201d frameworks for green, low\u2010carbon EAI healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:45:58Z","timestamp":1792827958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Human\u2010Robot Motion Energy Harvesting and Sensing: Structures, Embodied Artificial Intelligence, and Self\u2010Powered Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics Mechanism and Cross Innovation School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Ningxia University  Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9787-6628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gefan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics Mechanism and Cross Innovation School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of MEMS Technology and Device Reliability for Industrial Internet School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7973-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor and Instrument Center Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7068-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics Mechanism and Cross Innovation School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics Mechanism and Cross Innovation School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2639-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics Mechanism and Cross Innovation School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machinery Industry Co., Ltd.  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