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Carbon dots (CDs) provide an eco\u2010friendly and versatile platform for solution\u2010phase RTA, but molecular motion and dissolved oxygen in liquids promote non\u2010radiative relaxation and triplet\u2010exciton quenching. This review critically examines the design and performance of CD\u2010based RTA materials in aqueous and non\u2010aqueous media. Solution\u2010phase afterglow is governed by the interplay among emissive centers, protective matrices, interfacial interactions, and solvent environments. Current strategies are organized into rigid confinement, excited\u2010state modulation and energy transfer, water\u2010enhanced regulation, interfacial adaptation, solvent\u2010mediated regulation, and machine\u2010learning\u2010guided design. The distinct requirements of aqueous and non\u2010aqueous systems are compared, together with recent applications in bioimaging, sensing, information security, and optoelectronic devices. Finally, key challenges in efficiency, stability, mechanistic understanding, and cross\u2010medium applicability are discussed to guide the development of practical solution\u2010phase CD\u2010based RTA materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:29:58Z","timestamp":1792697398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solution\u2010Phase Carbon Dot\u2010Based Room\u2010Temperature Afterglow Materials: Design Strategies and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3441-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education\/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture College of Materials and Chemical 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