{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1792831006448,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developing advanced catalytic systems for efficient electrochemical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction (\n                    <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR) at industrially relevant current densities under environmentally benign conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report Au@Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) core@shell nanocatalysts with outstanding\n                    <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR performance at \u2010200\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in near\u2010neutral media, where the Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O shell thickness is tuned by adjusting Au seed solution volume (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    mL). In 1.0\u00a0M KHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , the thin\u2010shelled Au@Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5) nanocatalyst achieves an exceptional Faradaic efficiency (FE\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 50.6 \u00b1 3.3%) and a cathodic energy efficiency (EE\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 29.1 \u00b1 1.3%) for C\n                    <jats:sub>2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    products, outperforming its thicker counterparts (e.g., Au@Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2); FE\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 19.6 \u00b1 2.7%, EE\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 8.9 \u00b1 0.9%) and individual control components. This enhanced performance stems from a strong core@shell electron transfer effect that modulates copper oxidation state (OS\n                    <jats:sub>Cu<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and preserves the core@shell architecture. Intriguingly, iodide addition triggers divergent, shell\u2010thickness\u2010dependent effects. Iodide modulates both structural reconstruction and OS\n                    <jats:sub>Cu<\/jats:sub>\n                    of the Au@Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2) nanocatalyst, boosting C\n                    <jats:sub>2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    product selectivity (S\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) fourfold. Conversely, iodide disrupts the pre\u2010existing, highly favorable core@shell electronic interactions of the Au@Cu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5) nanocatalyst, driving OS\n                    <jats:sub>Cu<\/jats:sub>\n                    away from the favorable regime and thereby suppressing S\n                    <jats:sub>C2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    . These findings underscore the importance of cooperatively engineering interfacial electronic properties and electrolyte microenvironments for efficient\n                    <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR at circumneutral pH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.76442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:41:28Z","timestamp":1792827688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cooperative Interfacial and Electrolyte Engineering in Au@Cu\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O Core@Shell Nanocatalysts for Efficient CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Reduction to C\n                    <sub>2+<\/sub>\n                    Products at Circumneutral pH"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Eunice Estrella","family":"De Guzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010An","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan\u2010Ru","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Jung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Research Institute of Science Tokyo Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Resilience and Intelligence on Sustainable Energy Research (RiSER) National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Program on Key Materials &amp; Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja505791r"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202112835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE00964E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201019135\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016998\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020615\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202203896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202102657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202405733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE02747B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi6119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202105118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b04746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202107450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.137847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c01448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c01516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201062875\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ra02482a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11705\u2010019\u20101854\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671\u2010019\u20102892\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202310913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0sc01202e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201011599\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b01416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ta01760f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201069495\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b00896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2022.141500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c02915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja050006u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00558G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702405114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ta11089f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2sc02689a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3sc06471a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2026.122713"}],"container-title":["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