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Herein, a dual\u2010functional nanoprobe, cobalt protoporphyrin\u2010induced nano\u2010self\u2010assembly (CPSP), has been developed through a cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) aggregation\u2010induced self\u2010assembly strategy, which combines CoPP and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) via a simple solvent evaporation\u2010driven method. Without any additional carrier materials, the obtained CPSP is featured with good biocompatibility and high proportions of active ingredients. The SPIONs in CPSPs form a cluster\u2010like structure, endowing this nano\u2010self\u2010assembly with excellent T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performance. Furthermore, the CoPP released from CPSPs could effectively protect MSCs by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 (HO\u20101) expression. The in vivo cell tracing capacity of CPSPs is confirmed by monitoring the migration of labeled MSCs with MR imaging in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. More importantly, the sustained release of CoPP from CPSPs improves the survival of transplanted MSCs and promotes neural repair and neurobehavioral recovery of ischemic mice. Overall, this work presents a novel dual\u2010functional nanoagent with an ingenious design for advancing MSC\u2010based therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.20220037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T11:50:42Z","timestamp":1676375442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Metal protoporphyrin\u2010induced self\u2010assembly nanoprobe enabling precise tracking and antioxidant protection of stem cells for ischemic stroke therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med\u2010X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med\u2010X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hangrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaohui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med\u2010X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Ankerui (Shanxi) Biological Cell Co., Ltd. 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