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Despite the promising OA treatment outcomes observed in the enhancement of lubrication inspired by ball bearings to reduce friction and support loads, the therapeutic effect of near\u2010infrared (NIR) irradiation\u2010based photothermal\u2010responsive controlled release \u201csmart hydrogel microspheres\u201d on OA remains unclear. Here, we prepared MXene\/NIPIAM\u2010based photothermal\u2010responsive injectable hydrogel microspheres encapsulating diclofenac sodium using a microfluidic system. Consequently, NIR irradiation\u2010based photothermal\u2010responsive controlled release \u201csmart hydrogel microspheres\u201d demonstrate beneficial therapeutic effects in the treatment of OA by modulating the physical lubrication and chemical chronic inflammation microenvironment, laying the foundation for the application of smart hydrogel microsphere delivery systems loaded with bioactive factors (including agents, cells, and factors) to regulate multiple pathological microenvironments in regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T14:03:26Z","timestamp":1744553006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["MXene\u2010Based Photothermal\u2010Responsive Injectable Hydrogel Microsphere Modulates Physicochemical Microenvironment to Alleviate 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