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Because conventional antibiotic and debridement therapies fail to resolve dysbiosis or stimulate healing, microbial antagonism has emerged as a potent biological principle for wound restoration. This narrative review integrates ecological evidence and mechanistic insights from animal models and early human studies to explore how beneficial microorganisms, including probiotics, bacteriophages, and competitive consortia, actively reshape diabetic wound environments. We examined the multifaceted mechanisms of these interactions, ranging from direct pathogen inhibition to host immunomodulation and metabolic signaling via conserved pathways such as the p40\/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)\/PI3K axis. To address significant translational barriers, we introduce a \u201cRegenerative Microbiology\u201d framework that emphasizes spatiotemporal coordination and precision stratification. 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