{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:11:27Z","timestamp":1788592287329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12090054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12090054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7254474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7254474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Smart Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 3.9% of individuals worldwide over their lifetimes. Since adolescence is characterized by ongoing brain maturation and increased responsiveness to environmental stressors, this developmental stage may provide an important window for PTSD intervention. Growing evidence supports an association between \u03c9\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the restoration of stress\u2010induced neural damage. However, how \u03c9\u20103 PUFA supplementation during adolescence affects adult susceptibility to PTSD remains poorly understood. Here, we observed significantly reduced DHA and EPA concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and serum of PTSD\u2010susceptible rats. Providing 1.2% DHA and EPA in the adolescent diet significantly reduced PTSD\u2010like phenotypes in adulthood, including excessive fear memory retention, depressive\u2010like and anxiety\u2010like behaviors, while also reducing serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These phenotypic and inflammatory improvements were associated with changes in the gut microbiome, including its composition and diversity. DHA\/EPA supplementation was also linked to alterations in multiple lipid species, with serum phosphatidylcholine levels showing a significant correlation with fear memory expression. Moreover, we observed dysregulation of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in the PFC of PTSD\u2010like rats, which was less pronounced in DHA\/EPA\u2010supplemented animals. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence relating adolescent \u03c9\u20103 PUFA status to PTSD\u2010like phenotypes in adulthood. It further identifies that gut microbiota composition, lipid metabolic profiles (notably phosphatidylcholine), and prefrontal PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling are correlated with these behavioral outcomes, suggesting that these systems may collectively contribute to trauma resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:29:03Z","timestamp":1785907743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adolescent Dietary Supplementation of Omega\u20103 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alleviates PTSD\u2010Like Fear Memory and Affective Dysregulation in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd.  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7275-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyou","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)67010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00112-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00508-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3820"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3050529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.4.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-0050-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01404C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19255-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9030100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1349883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09512-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720696115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01495-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(97)00044-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0023-9690(73)90016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0736-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.3.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(96)00058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(79)90366-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2020.1808239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1361092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1126117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02272-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040935"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1802695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1084-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.847310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-025-02047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","first-page":"936","article-title":"The Microbiome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma\u2010Exposed Controls: An Exploratory Study","volume":"79","author":"Hemmings S. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216182110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181d48830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01137-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01155-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01462-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12392"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610325114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1485628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1394953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00145-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.15.5474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)02321-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01869-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4477-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1351204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064827"}],"container-title":["Smart Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smmd.70049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smmd.70049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smmd.70049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:12:48Z","timestamp":1788588768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smmd.70049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smmd.70049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smmd.70049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2751-1871","2751-1871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2751-1871","type":"print"},{"value":"2751-1871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70049"}}