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The eye's unique architecture, sealed by the blood\u2010retina barrier, presents formidable anatomical and cellular topological challenges to achieving long\u2010term curative therapeutics. Nanotechnology offers an advantage in potential therapy: by utilizing carriers in the nanometer size range and leveraging on appropriate surface modifications, it can effectively overcome these physiological barriers for enhanced, controlled, and targeted treatment. Clinical and preclinical systems such as antioxidant nanoparticles, sustained release implants, anti\u2010angiogenic nanoplatforms, multifunctional nanocomposites, and regenerative scaffolds illustrate how nanotechnology can overcome limitations in bioavailability, tissue penetration, and pathway specificity in degenerative ocular diseases. 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