{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:39:38Z","timestamp":1790876378225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Smart Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    With the advancement of X\u2010ray\u2010activated persistent luminescent phosphors, the exploration of smart materials with tunable luminescence and afterglow properties is a promising topic. In this study, the red\u2010emission X\u2010ray scintillators, Samarium(Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    )\u2010doped NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with regular micromorphology and well\u2010controlled afterglow property were synthesized under mild conditions. Both of Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010doped\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , abbreviated as\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    :\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    :\n                    <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), respectively, emit the maximum emission peak at 598\u00a0nm (4G\n                    <jats:sub>5\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2192 6H\n                    <jats:sub>7\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) under X\u2010rays, while only Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010doped\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibits remarkable afterglow ability. The optimal luminescent property can be obtained when the doping rate is fixed at 3%. Then\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    :3%Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    was surface modified and incorporated into the chemically crosslinked hydrogels to endow X\u2010ray\u2010activated luminescence or afterglow abilities in the obtained hybrid hydrogel. With the self\u2010healing ability, the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    :3%Sm\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010incorporated hydrogel can be further programmed with other types of hydrogels to enable tunable emission behaviors and time\u2010dependent color changes. By taking advantage of these features, the hydrogels were programmed as a display panel that can be used for extra safety information encryption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smo2.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1777289331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synthesis of Samarium\u2010incorporated X\u2010ray\u2010sensitive nanoparticles and hydrogels: Diverse applications in radiation monitoring and dynamic information display"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zetong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6521-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2600-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science Hebei University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01468-y","volume":"22","author":"Liang L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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