{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:00:35Z","timestamp":1790830835705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Smart Molecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of safe and effective vaccines remains a critical priority in modern medicine. Traditional adjuvants, while effective in enhancing immune responses, often suffer from limitations including local reactogenicity, limited mucosal immunity, and instability of antigens. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, and its derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for\u00a0nanoparticle\u2010based vaccine delivery due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesive properties, and intrinsic immunostimulatory activity. Chemical modifications of chitosan, such as trimethylation, quaternization, and thiolation, enhance its solubility, stability, and immune modulatory functions. Chitosan derivative nanoparticles (CDNPs) facilitate efficient antigen encapsulation, protect labile biomolecules, and promote uptake by antigen\u2010presenting cells.\u00a0They can trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly through mucosal administration routes. This review comprehensively discusses the\u00a0physicochemical properties of chitosan derivatives, mechanisms of immune enhancement, methods for nanoparticle preparation, applications in preclinical and clinical vaccine studies, and challenges for translation to human use. Insights from recent literature suggest that CDNPs hold significant potential to revolutionize vaccine delivery platforms, especially for mucosal vaccines and next\u2010generation immunotherapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smo2.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T01:05:55Z","timestamp":1781744755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applications of chitosan derivatives as adjuvants for nanoparticle\u2010based vaccines: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sayantani","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0550-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanta","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-3116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swarupananda","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0131-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata \u2013 Group of Institutions  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anannya","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barasat Bidhan Chandra Roy Institute of Pharmacy  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atanu","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Allied Health Sciences  Howrah West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mainak","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Adamas University  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.128116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"553","volume":"18","author":"Lin Z. 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