{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:53:51Z","timestamp":1791269631384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Smart Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with high bioaccumulation and multi\u2010organ toxicity, posing a major threat to human health, especially to the liver and kidneys. Fluorescent probes have shown great potential for disease\u2010related imaging because of their high sensitivity and specificity. However, most existing probes cannot simultaneously image the liver and kidneys in vivo, which limits their application in hepatorenal disease studies. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, is involved in Cd\u2010induced hepatorenal injury. Nevertheless, the dynamic changes in key mitochondrial parameters, including reactive oxygen species, polarity, and viscosity, remain poorly understood. Herein, we developed\n                    <jats:bold>VPS<\/jats:bold>\n                    , a mitochondria\u2010targeted dual\u2010NIR fluorescent probe responsive to mitochondrial superoxide (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2022\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and microenvironment\u2010related viscosity\/polarity changes. Based on twisted intramolecular charge transfer and ICT mechanisms, VPS showed high sensitivity, good selectivity, and efficient mitochondrial targeting.\n                    <jats:bold>VPS<\/jats:bold>\n                    was successfully applied to fluorescence imaging in Cd\u2010exposed living cells, zebrafish, and mice, revealing signal changes in the liver and kidneys consistent with increased oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial microenvironments.\n                    <jats:bold>VPS<\/jats:bold>\n                    also enabled evaluation of the protective effect of N\u2010acetylcysteine. This probe provides a useful platform for dual\u2010channel imaging of mitochondrial oxidative stress and microenvironment\u2010related changes in Cd\u2010induced hepatorenal injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smo2.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:30:31Z","timestamp":1791268231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dual\u2010channel fluorescent probe for in situ imaging of mitochondrial superoxide and microenvironmental changes in Cd\u2010induced hepatorenal dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zibo","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8479-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xijian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9056-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuandi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital Hengyang Medical School Clinical Research Institute University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longwei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2289-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songjiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Hengyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171405","volume":"923","author":"Xie D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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