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The bioinspired architectures can be extended to nanoscale, where carbon\u2010based materials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, are excellent candidates as building blocks. This study introduces carbon\u2010based nanoarchitected metamaterials inspired by seven biological design motifs, i.e., cellular, gradient, tubular, fibrous, helicoidal, suture, and layered structures. Numerical studies based on molecular dynamics simulation along with continuum\u2010based finite element analysis are conducted for each bioinspired design to examine the unique mechanical properties, namely specific stiffness, specific strength, failure strain, and specific energy absorption, under tensile\/shear loading conditions. Different deformation and failure mechanisms found by molecular simulation and continuum mechanics are discussed. The numerical results show that the mechanical properties of the introduced bioinspired and carbon\u2010based nanoscale designs may surpass the performance of the conventional carbon\u2010based counterparts. The developed nanoarchitected metamaterials demonstrate instances of possibilities for filling the empty regions in the Ashby charts to attain lightweight advanced materials that can also break the trade\u2010off between strength and failure strain. These findings impart lessons from the constitutive structure of biological materials to form the next generation of multifunctional architected metamaterials with rationally designed nano\u2010architectures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202200039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T01:56:06Z","timestamp":1668390966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lessons from Nature for Carbon\u2010Based Nanoarchitected Metamaterials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2454-7687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University  Montreal QC H9X 3V9 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