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Herein, the encapsulation of bacteriophages within niosomes is investigated, expanding the conventional application of these carriers. Formulations are prepared with varying concentrations of stearylamine, a cationic cosurfactant, to assess the interactions between phages and vesicular membranes. They are characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and viral titration, providing insights into vesicle stability and phage encapsulation efficiency. Based on the characterization analysis, an optimal concentration of stearylamine is determined for successful phage encapsulation, as confirmed by cryo\u2010electron microscopy. The stability and activity of encapsulated phages are further evaluated through pH stability tests and in\u2009vitro kinetic assays. These findings demonstrate the potential of niosomes as effective carriers for bacteriophage delivery and highlight their broader applicability for encapsulating other unconventional or sensitive therapeutic agents, offering a promising strategy for antibacterial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202500530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:05:33Z","timestamp":1766138733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preparation and Characterization of Niosomes for Bacteriophage Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ashley Hannah","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague  Technick\u00e1 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Jelinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague  Technick\u00e1 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bene\u0161\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MB Pharma s.r.o.  120 00 Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Ko\u0161iar\u010dikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MB Pharma s.r.o.  120 00 Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Mik\u0161\u00e1tko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Methods Core Facility BIOCEV Faculty of Science Charles University  252 50 Vestec Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivona","family":"Pe\u010durli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague  Technick\u00e1 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Mo\u0161a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MB Pharma s.r.o.  120 00 Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9742-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"\u0160o\u00f3\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague  Technick\u00e1 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8686(95)00242-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.2002.8399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-008-9121-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2013.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-016-0487-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Entrapment enhancement of peptide drugs in niosomes: Journal of Microencapsulation: Vol 27 No 3.https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/02652040903131293(accessed 2025\u201008\u201018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume":"8","author":"Yuan Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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